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Created: June 24, 2014
Last Updated: January 7, 2019
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Permissions, Copyright and Source Information
This map was created using coordinates from the following sources
- "Decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: a review through 2005"  by Joel W. Martin and Todd A. Haney featured in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Volume 145, Issue 4, pages 445-552, December 2005, published by John Wiley & Sons, ltd.
The coordinates are reproduced with permission of the Wiley Online Library under the Copyright © 1999-2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This permission does not include the right to grant others permission to photocopy or otherwise reproduce this material except for accessible versions made by non-profit organisations serving the blind, visually impaired and other persons with print disabilities (VIPs).
- Cold Seep Epifaunal Communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, Succession, and Vulnerability to Human Activities by David A. Bowden
Copyright: © 2013 Bowden et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Beaulieu, S.E., 2010, InterRidge Global Database of Active Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fields: prepared for InterRidge, Version 2.0. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.interridge.org
- Characterisation of the Nematode Community of a Low-Activity Cold Seep in the Recently Ice-Shelf Free Larsen B Area, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula by Freija Hauquier
- Various Wikipedia pages

There are two ways to view this map
There are two ways to view this map: 1) is the aerial view you are looking at, and 2) is to activate the ESRI Oceans map overlay from the Overlay Base Map section below the list of maps that renders the ocean floor terrain in greater detail. Due to the auto zoom feature of selecting a location from the placemarker list, you may need to zoom out a bit to see the detail of the surrounding area.

WARNING: Unlike other MyReadingMappped maps, this map has Reproduction Restrictions!
This map was created under the following restrictions;
In order to create an authoritative map, the coordinates used in plotting this map were done with permission of the Wiley Online Library under the Copyright © 1999-2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This permission does not include the right to grant others permission to photocopy or otherwise reproduce this material except for accessible versions made by non-profit organisations serving the blind, visually impaired and other persons with print disabilities (VIPs). As such, unlike the other MyReadinbgMapped maps, I cannot offer you any rights to create KML files of this map or embed this map on other sites. Thus, if you make a KML file of this map or embed it, you will be in violation of it's copyright.

Color Coding
- RED: Hydrothermal Vents
- BLUE: Cold Seeps

Earth Life May Have Originated at Deep-Sea Vents.
space.com
Earth Life May Have Originated at Deep-Sea Vents
Enter Günter Wächtershäuser. A German chemist turned patent lawyer who specializes in chemical and biochemical inventions, Wächtershäuser (pronounced VEK-terz-hoi-zer) first proposed in 1988 that a similar chemosynthetic process to the one observed on the Galapagos Hydrothermal Vent Expedition had been around on Earth for a very long time.
Not only was it common to the planet Earth throughout its history, he argues, this process was fundamental to all living ecosystems going back to the very first genesis of life around four billion years ago. [7 Theories on the Origin of Life]

What is a Cold Seep? (the Blue placemarks)
Wikipedia
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. "Cold" does not mean temperature of seepage is lower than surrounding sea water. On the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher.[1] Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species.
Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps.

What is a Hydrothermal Vent? (the Red placemarks)
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent)
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal vents exist because the earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Common land types include hot springs, fumaroles and geysers. Under the sea, hydrothermal vents may form features called black smokers. Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around submarine hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including giant tube worms, clams, limpets and shrimp. Active hydrothermal vents are believed to exist on Jupiter's moon Europa, and ancient hydrothermal vents have been speculated to exist on Mars.[1]

Methane is emanating from at least 570 locations, called seeps, from near Cape Hatteras, N.C., to the Georges Bank southeast of Nantucket, Mass.
nytimes.com
Scientists have discovered methane gas bubbling from the seafloor in an unexpected place: off the East Coast of the United States where the continental shelf meets the deeper Atlantic Ocean.
In a paper published online Sunday in the journal Nature Geoscience, the scientists, including Adam Skarke of Mississippi State University and Carolyn Ruppel of the United States Geological Survey, reported evidence that the seepage had been going on for at least 1,000 years.

Aegean Sea, Milos (Coordinate error)
"Decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: a review through 2005" by Joel W. Martin and Todd A. Haney
The coordinate listed in the article is incorrect. 36°40′N, 24°32′W places it in the Atlantic Ocean. 36°40′N, 24°32′E places it near a Milos Island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Cited Source:
Dando et al., 1995

Amsterdam
Seep communities from two mud volcanoes in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea: faunal composition, spatial patterns and environmental control.
Bénédicte Ritt 1,2,*, Daniel Desbruyères
1, Jean-Claude Caprais 1, Olivier Olivier Gauthier 3, Livio Ruffine 1, Roselyne Buscail 4, Karine Olu-Le Roy 1, Jozée Sarrazin 1

Blake Ridge Diapir - Cold Seep
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvinocarididae)
Alvinocaris muricola Williams, 1988 – Cold Seeps, Gulf of Guinea possibly Blake Ridge cold seep and Barbados Accrectionary Prism; Type locality: Gulf of Mexico, west Florida escarpment, from cold brine seep, 26°01′N 84°54.61′W, at a depth of 3,277 m (10,751 ft).[2]

Bush Hill hydrocarbon seep - Cold Seep
Wikipedia (http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvinocarididae)
Alvinocaris stactophila Williams 1988 – Gulf of Mexico, Bush Hill hydrocarbon seep, 27°46.94′N 91°30.34′W, at a depth of 534 m (1,752 ft).[2]

GeoB-Station 12320-9
Transport and (bio) geochemical processes at
cold seeps of the Makran convergent margin (http://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/edocs/00102518-1.pdf)
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften
(Dr. rer. nat.)

Green Canyon - Cold Seep
"Decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: a review through 2005" by Joel W. Martin and Todd A. Haney
Cited Sources:
Williams, 1988; MacDonald et al., 1989;
Carney, 1994; Bergquist et al., 2003;
Felder & Kensley, 2004

Larson B Ice Shelf Cold Seep (approximated)
Characterisation of the Nematode Community of a Low-Activity Cold Seep in the Recently Ice-Shelf Free Larsen B Area, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula by Freija Hauquier

Guinea Area Cold Seep (approximated)

Gulf of Guinea Régab site - Cold Seep
"Decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps: a review through 2005" by Joel W. Martin and Todd A. Haney
Cited Source:
T. Komai, pers. comm.; Komai & Segonzac, 2005a

Kanesu-no-se Bank
Cited Source:
Ohta et al., 1995

Marmara Sea Cold Seeps
First insights into the structure and environmental setting of cold-seep communities in the Marmara Sea (http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12506/9528.pdf)
Bénédicte Ritta, *, Jozée Sarrazina, *, Jean-Claude Capraisa, Philippe Noëla, Olivier Gauthiera, b, Catherine Pierrec, Pierre Henryd and Daniel Desbruyèresa

Napoli
Seep communities from two mud volcanoes in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea: faunal composition, spatial patterns and environmenta control.
Bénédicte Ritt 1,2,*, Daniel Desbruyères
1, Jean-Claude Caprais 1, Olivier Olivier Gauthier 3, Livio Ruffine 1, Roselyne Buscail 4, Karine Olu-Le Roy 1, Jozée Sarrazin 1

Nigerian Slope (approximated)
Wikipedia
Wikipedia Commons / Karine Olu, Erik E. Cordes, Charles R. Fisher, James M. Brooks, Myriam Sibuet & Daniel Desbruyères

Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand - Cold Seep
Cold Seep Epifaunal Communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, Succession, and Vulnerability to Human Activities by David A. Bowden
Copyright: © 2013 Bowden et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Peru Margin
Cited Source: Olu et al., 1996a

Ritchie Ridge
Cold Seep Epifaunal Communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, Succession, and Vulnerability to Human Activities by David A. Bowden
Copyright: © 2013 Bowden et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Rock Garden, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand - Cold Seep
Cold Seep Epifaunal Communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, Succession, and Vulnerability to Human Activities by David A. Bowden

Sagami Bay, including off Hatsushima site
Hart, 1982; Horikoshi & Ishii, 1985; Ohta

Uruti Ridge, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand - Cold Seep

West Florida Escarpment - Cold Seep
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvinocarididae)
Alvinocaris muricola Williams, 1988 – Cold Seeps, Gulf of Guinea possibly Blake Ridge cold seep and Barbados Accrectionary Prism; Type locality: Gulf of Mexico, west Florida escarpment, from cold brine seep, 26°01′N 84°54.61′W, at a depth of 3,277 m (10,751 ft).[2]

Woolsey Mound Cold Seep
Woolsey Mound Cold Seep: An Oasis in the Deep Sea
Michela Ingrassia, Marco D’Emidio, Leonardo Macelloni and Carol Lutken Center for Marine Resources and Environmental Technology

ABE
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/abe)

Aden
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/aden)
Discovery References (text):
[Choukroune et al. (1986) Tectonics of the westernmost Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Tadjoura from submersible observations. Nature 319: 396-399, doi:10.1038/319396a0
Choukroune et al. (1988) Tectonics of an incipient oceanic rift. Marine Geophysical Researches 9: 147-163, DOI 10.1007/BF00369246.]
Other References (text):
[(might have different lat/lon) Cann et al., A hydrothermal deposit from the floor of the Gulf of Aden. Mineralogical Magazine, 41, 193-199, 1977]
Juniper et al. (1990) Regional-scale features of Northeast Pacific, East Pacific Rise, and Gulf of Aden vent communities. In: McMurray, ed., Gorda Ridge: a seafloor spreading center in the United States Exclusive Economic Zone. Springer, NY: 265-278.

Adventure Caldera
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/node/6295)
Discovery References (text):
Cruise blog http://www.thesearethevoyages.net/jc55/feb11.html

AHA Field
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/aha-field)
Discovery References (text):
Shank et al., Biology of Newly-Discovered "AHA" Hydrothermal Vent Fields Near 1 44'N on the East Pacific Rise Axis, EOS Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T51D-15, 2000.

Animal Farm
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/animal-farm)
JM Auzende et al. (1996) Recent tectonic, magmatic, and hydrothermal activity on the East Pacific Rise between 17°S and 19°S: Submersible observations. J Geophys Res 101(B8): 17995-18010.
Other References (text):
(plume only) Baker, E., and T. Urabe (1996) Extensive distribution of hydrothermal plumes along the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 13°30′-18°40′S, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B4), 8685-8695
Jollivet, D. et al. (2004) The BIOSPEEDO cruise: a new survey of hydrothermal vents along the South East Pacific Rise from 7 24'S to 21 33'S. InterRidge News 13: 20-26.

Ashadze
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/ashadze)
Beltenev, V., et al., New discoveries at 12°58'N, 44°52'W, MAR: Professor Logatchev-22 cruise, initial results, InterRidge News 12, 13-14, 2003
Fouquet et al. (2008) Serpentine cruise - ultramafic hosted hydrothermal deposits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: First submersible studies on Ashadze 1 and 2, Logatchev 2 and Krasnov vent fields. InterRidge News 17: 15-19.
Other References (text):
(plume only) Klinkhammer et al. (1985) Hydrothermal manganese plumes in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley. Nature 314: 727-731
Beltenev, V et al (2005) New hydrothermal sites at 13 N, Mid Atlantic Ridge. InterRidge News 14: 14-16
Fouquet, Y et al. (2007) Diversity of Ultramafic Hosted Hydrothermal Deposits on the Mid Atlantic Ridge: First Submersible Studies on Ashadze, Logatchev 2 and Krasnov Vent Fields During the Serpentine Cruise. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #T51F-03
Cherkashov et al. (2008) New important discoveries of hydrothermal deposits at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (geological setting, composition and resources). IGC Oslo abstracts, session MRD-03 Recent developments on marine mineral deposits
Fabri et al. abstract 4th CBE Symposium (2009) Hydrothermal vent community of the new deep-sea field Ashadze-1, 12 58'N (MAR) and a comparison with all known northern Atlantic deep-sea hydrothermal communities.

Aurora
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/aurora)
Michael et al (2001) The Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition -AMORE 2001- Seafloor Spreading at the Top of the World. AGU Fall Meeting 2001, Abstract T11B-0853
Edmonds, H.N. et al. (2003) Discovery of abundant hydrothermal venting on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Nature 421: 252-256.
Michael et al. (2001) Results of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition - AMORE 2001- Seafloor Spreading at the Top of the World. InterRidge News 10(2): 57-60
Michael, P.J. et al. (2003) Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean. Nature 423: 956-961
Baker et al., 2004, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, 5, Q08002, Hydrothermal venting in magma deserts: The ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and Southwest Indian Ridges, doi:10.1029/2004GC000712.

Baily's Beads
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/node/6297)
Tao, C., et al. (2010) Two hydrothermal active vents were found at 13.2°S and 14°S of South Mid-Atlantic Ridge. AGU Fall Meeting abstract #OS33F-07.
Tao, C.H., Li, H.M., Yang Y.M., et al. (2011) Two southernmost hydrothermal fields found on the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Science China Earth Sciences, in press.

Barbados Accretionary Prism
Macpherson, 1988, 1994a; Chevaldonné &
Olu, 1996

Barbados Trench
Olu et al., 1997

Bering Sea, Piip Volcano
Sagalevich et al., 1992

Broken Spur - Hydrothermal Vent
Cited Sources:
Martin & Christiansen, 1995; Chevaldonné & Olu, 1996; Shank, 1997, in Desbruyères & Segonzac, 1997

Campeche Knolls
MacDonald et al., 2004

Comfortless Cove Hydrothermal Field
http://knowledgeweb.tk Abyssal_plain#Hydrothermal_vents

Williams & Baba, 1989

EPR 13N
Cited Sources:
de Saint Laurent, 1984; Guinot, 1988;
Williams & Baba, 1989; Guinot & Segonzac, 1997; M. Segonzac, pers. comm.; Shank et al., 1999; Komai & Segonzac, 2005b

EPR 21N
Williams & Van Dover, 1983 Grassle, 1986;
Williams, 1988; Khodkina, 1991

EPR 17S
Guinot & Segonzac, 1997; Martin & Shank, 2005; Shank & Martin, unpubl. data;
Komai & Segonzac, 2005b

EPR 18S (coordinate error)
I corrected the northern provided coordinate of 18°25–36′N, 113°23′W to reflect it's 18 degree south name and be consistent with the other EPR sites.
Guinot & Segonzac, 1997; Guinot & Hurtado,
2003

EPR 31S
Guinot et al., 2002; Guinot & Hurtado, 2003;
Komai & Segonzac, 2005b

Explorer Ridge (TBD)
Tunnicliffe, 1988; Williams, 1988

Gakkel Ridge - Hyrdothermal Vent
Martin, 2003

Galapagos Rift
Williams, 1980; Williams & Chace, 1982; de Saint Laurent, 1988; Guinot & Hurtado,
2003

Gorda Ridge
J. Voight, pers. comm.

Guaymas Basin
Unavailable.

Hook Ridge
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/hook-ridge)

Japan and Mariannas shallow volcanic arc region
Takeda & Kurata, 1977; Türkay & Sakai,
1995

Juan de Fuca Ridge (Endeavor and Axial) (TBD)
Tunnicliffe et al., 1985; Tunnicliffe & Jensen, 1987; Williams, 1988; Martin & Pettit,
1998; J. Voight, pers. comm.

Kick’em Jenny Volcano,
Martin et al., 2005; Wishner et al., 2005

Lau Basin, Valu-Fa Ridge, Vaï-Lili site
Guinot, 1990; Baba & Türkay, 1992; Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1992; Desbruyères et al.,1994; de Saint Laurent & Macpherson,1997; Tunnicliffe et al., 1998; Shank & Martin, 2003; Komai & Segonzac, 2004

Logatchev (14–45) - Hydrothermal Vent
Komai & Segonzac, 2003

Loihi Seamount
Williams & Dobbs, 1995

Researchers Embark On Mission To Explore The Loihi Seamount, Hawaii's Newest 'Island'
Huffington Post
Glazer described Loihi as a “giant leaky iron mountain,” which continuously pumps iron out into the ocean. The growth of microscopic organisms that form the base of marine food webs is limited by iron availability, so the growing island's iron production has the potential to benefit the overall balance within the Pacific Ocean.
This mission will also provide “clues about the potential for life 'out there,' in habitats that could exist on places like Mars or Europa,” Glazer said in a statement.

Loki's Castle
interridge.org/irvents/content/lokis-castle (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/lokis-castle)
Rolf Pedersen press release 12 July 2008 (http://www.interridge.org/node/5581).
Pedersen, R., et al. (2009) Discovery of the Loki’s Castle vent field at the ultra-slow spreading Arctic mid-ocean ridge. Goldschmidt Conference abstract.
Baumberger, T. et al. (2008) Carbon and Sulphur Geochemistry of Rift Valley Sediments and Hydrothermal Fluids at the Ultra-Slow Spreading Southern Knipovich Ridge. Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T42B-08
Pedersen et al. (2009, in press) Hydrothermal activity at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. AGU Monograph.
Eickmann, B., et al. (2010) Barite chimneys from two hydrothermal sites along the slow-spreading Arctic Ridge system: Initial isotope and mineralogical results. AGU Fall Meeting Abstract #OS21A-1482.

Lost City (hydrothermal field)
Wikipedia
Lost City is a field of hydrothermal vents in the mid-Atlantic ocean that differ significantly from the black smoker vents found in the late 1970s. The vents were discovered in December 2000 during a National Science Foundation expedition to the mid-Atlantic. A second expedition mounted in 2003 used DSV Alvin to explore the vents. The details of the chemistry and biology of the Lost City hydrothermal field were published in March 2005.

Lucky Strike - Hydrothermal Vent
Williams, 1988; Guinot, 1990; Martin &
Christiansen, 1995; Chevaldonné & Olu,
1996; Biscoito, 1997, in Desbruyères &
Segonzac, 1997; Shank, 1997, in
Desbruyères & Segonzac, 1997; Martin
et al., 1998b; Komai & Segonzac, 2003
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvinocarididae#Chorocaris)
Mirocaris fortunata Martin & Christiansen, 1995 – North Atlantic Ocean, mid-Atlantic ridge, Logatchev, TAG, Broken Spur, Rainbow, Snake Pit, Lucky Strike and Menez Gwen hydrothermal fields; Type locality: North Atlantic Ocean, mid-Atlantic ridge, Azores, Lucky Strike hydrothermal field, 37°17′N 32°16′W, at a depth of 1,624 m (5,328 ft). M. fortunata has the broadest range of any alvinocaridid shrimp. It is dominant on chimney walls or chimney bases in the southern hydrothermal vent sites (Broken Spur, Rainbow, Lucky Strike, Menez Gwen).[2]

Manus Back-Arc Basin, DESMOS
Hashimoto & Ohta, 1999

Manus Back-Arc Basin, PACMANUS
Guinot, 1990; Hashimoto & Ohta, 1999

Mariana Back-Arc
Hessler & Martin, 1989; Williams & Baba,
1989; Martin & Hessler, 1990; Tsuchida &
Hashimoto, 2002

Menez Gwen - Hyrdothermal Vent
Williams, 1988; Guinot, 1990; Biscoito, 1997, in Desbruyères & Segonzac, 1997; Komai & Segonzac, 2003; Shank & Martin, 2003

Meyibó hydrothermal vent site
wattsupwiththat.com
In 2003, Clague and his colleague Robert Vrijenhoek spent two dives unsuccessfully searching for vents within just a few kilometers of the newly discovered site. At that time, Clague and Vrijenhoek chose their dive sites based on only low-resolution maps of the seafloor and the presence of abnormally warm water in the area.

EPR 9N
Guinot & Segonzac, 1997; Shank et al., 1999

Mt. Jourdanne, Southwest Indian Ridge
Sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization from the Mt. Jourdanne, Southwest Indian Ridge
Ute MÜNCH＊１ Peter HALBACH＊１ Hiromi FUJIMOTO＊２
shipboard scientific party81 ; INDOYO diving cruise (MODEﾕ98 leg 3)＊３

New Zealand, Kermadec Ridge
Clark & O’Shea, 2001; Webber, 2004; R.
Webber, pers. comm.

New Zealand, Whale Island (Coordinate error)
According to Table 2, Whale Island is located at 37.52°S, 177.18°E, yet Google Map labels that location as White Island. According to Wikipedia, Whale Island also called Moutohora Island, is located at 37° 51'S, 176°59'E just 25 miles to the south-southwest of White Island. So either the name is incorrect or the coordinate is incorrect.                                                                                                                                                                   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_Island,_New_Zealand),
However the book, The Vent and Seep Biotsa: Aspects from Mircobes to Ecosystems, indicated that both Whale Island and White Island are similar to other shallow vent sites in the Bay of Plenty, so I assume they simply mixed up the names and coordinates.
Location Cited Source:
Webber, 2004; R. Webber, pers. comm.

North Fuji Basin
Guinot, 1990; Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1992; Desbruyères et al., 1994; Baba, 1995; de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1997; Shank et al., 1999; Komai & Segonzac, 2004

Okinawa Trough, Hatoma Knoll
Tsuchida et al., 2000; Watabe & Miyake, 2000

Okinawa Trough, Minami-Ensei Knoll
Ohta, 1990a; Takeda & Hashimoto, 1990;
Fujikura et al., 1995, 1996; Kikuchi &
Hashimoto, 2000; T. Komai, pers. comm.,
Komai & Segonzac, 2005a

Papau New Guinea, Edison Seamount
Baba & Williams, 1998; Shank & Martin,

Papua New Guinea, Rabaul Caldera
Tarasov et al., 1999

PAR: Foundation Seamount Chain
Stecher et al., 2002

Pacific Antarctic Ridge 67°S, 150° W
Mantle helium reveals Southern Ocean hydrothermal venting
Gisela Winckler 1,2,* , Robert Newton 1 , Peter Schlosser 1,2,3 and Timothy J Crone 1

Philippine Sea Plate, Kaikata Seamount
Takeda et al., 2000; Tsuchida & Hashimoto,

Philippine Sea Plate, Myojin Knoll
Takeda et al., 2000

Philippine Sea Plate, Nikko Seamount
Takeda et al., 2000

Philippine Sea Plate, Suiyo Seamount
Takeda et al., 2000

Piccard site - Hydrothermal Vent
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent#Exploration)
The Ashadze hydrothermal field (13°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, elevation -4200 m) was the deepest known high-temperature hydrothermal field until 2010, when the Piccard site (18°33′N 81°43′W, elevation -5000 m) was discovered by a group of scientists from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. This site is located on the 110 km long, ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise within the Cayman Trough.[23] On February 21st the deepest known hydrothermal vents were discovered in the Caribbean at a depth of almost 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).[24]

Rainbow - Hydrothermal Vent
Shank, 1997, in Desbruyères & Segonzac,
1997; Komai & Segonzac, 2003

Red Lion Hydrothermal Field
http://knowledgeweb.tk Abyssal_plain#Hydrothermal_vents

Red Sea Rift, 18 N

Rodriguez Triple Junction, Edmond and Kairei Fields
Van Dover et al., 2001; Tsuchida &
Hashimoto, 2002; Watabe & Hashimoto,
2002; Komai et al., in press

Snake Pit (MARK) - Hydrothermal Vent
Guinot, 1989; Segonzac, 1992; Segonzac et al.,1993; Martin et al., 1997; Shank, 1997, in Desbruyères & Segonzac, 1997; Komai & Segonzac, 2003; Segonzac & Macpherson, 2003

Squid Forest
InterRidge Vents Database 2.2 (http://www.interridge.org/irvents/content/squid-forest)
Pedersen et al. (1999) ROV exploration of the Kolbeinsey Ridge: Preliminary results of the SUBMAR-99 cruise. InterRidge News 8(2): 32-34.
Pedersen et al. (2009, in press) Hydrothermal activity at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. AGU Monograph.

TAG - Hydrothermal Vent
Williams & Rona, 1986; Chevaldonné & Olu, 1996; Vereshchaka, 1996a, 1997b
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvinocarididae#Rimicaris)
Rimicaris exoculata Williams & Rona, 1986 – North Atlantic Ocean, mid-Atlantic ridge, Snake Pit, TAG, Broken Spur, Lucky Strike, Logatchev and Rainbow hydrothermal vent fields, at depths of 1,700–3,650 m (5,580–11,980 ft); Type locality: North Atlantic Ocean, mid-Atlantic ridge, TAG vent field, 26°08.3′N 44°49.6′W, at depths of 3,620–3,650 m (11,880–11,980 ft). R. exoculata is the most extensively studied species to date, and occurs in active swarms that may be as dense as 2500 individuals per square metre. It occurs on chimney walls in the temperature range 15–30 °C (59–86 °F).[2][4]

Taiwan, off I-Lan County (incl. Tashi Fishing Grounds)
Ng et al., 2000; Lemaitre, 2004
Location of Tashi Fishing Grounds determine by the article "The World's Largest Lucinid is an Undescribed Species from Taiwan (Mollusca: Bivalvia)" (http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/43.4/704.pdf)
The Tashi fishing ground on the northeastern coast of Taiwan near Kueishan Island (Turtle Mountain .I) is a busy fishing area, where numerous commercial trawlers based in the Tashi catch shrimp and fish at depths down to about 600m.

Oregon Subduction Zone (approximated)
Carey, 1987; Chevaldonné & Olu, 1996
Kulm et al. (1986) for location and map of the Oregon Subduction Zone.

Godzilla
Source : Google Earth

Mariner Vent Field
Source: Google Earth

Tui Malila Vent Field
Source: Google Earth

TowCam Vent Field
Source: Google Earth

Kilo Moana